Hexagonal BaTiO$_{3}$ Structure: AB3C_hP30_194_bf_hk_af-001
| Prototype | BaO$_{3}$Ti |
| AFLOW prototype label | AB3C_hP30_194_bf_hk_af-001 |
| ICSD | 75240 |
| Pearson symbol | hP30 |
| Space group number | 194 |
| Space group symbol | $P6_3/mmc$ |
| AFLOW prototype command |
aflow --proto=AB3C_hP30_194_bf_hk_af-001
--params=$a, \allowbreak c/a, \allowbreak z_{3}, \allowbreak z_{4}, \allowbreak x_{5}, \allowbreak x_{6}, \allowbreak z_{6}$ |
Other compounds with this structure
Ba(Co$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Cr$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Fe$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Ir$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Mn$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Os$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Pd$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Pt$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Rh$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(Ru$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$, Ba(V$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$
- The perovskite BaTiO$_{3}$ undergoes a variety of temperature driven phase transitions. (Shirane, 1957) The first three structures are ferroelectric:
- Below 193K the structure is rhombohedral.
- Between 193K and 278K the structure is orthorhombic.
- Between 278K and 393K the structure is tetragonal. This is the room-temperature form of the material.
- Above 393K the compound is a cubic perovskite ($E2_{1}$).
- Hexagonal BaTiO$_{3}$ (this structure) can be stabilized by alloying the titanium sites with other transition metals. (Dickson, 1961) The pure structure has been grown at 1853K and cooled to room temperature. (Akimo, 1994) In some cases there is a deficiency of oxygen atoms. (Dickson, 1961)
- This pure sample was grown at 1853K and cooled to room temperature.
- If the transition metal atoms have the composition M1M2$_{2}$ and are ordered on the (2a) and (4f) sites, this becomes the hexagonal Ba$_{3}$CoIr$_{2}$O$_{9}$ structure.
\[ \begin{array}{ccc}
\mathbf{a_{1}}&=&\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}\\\mathbf{a_{2}}&=&\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}\\\mathbf{a_{3}}&=&c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}
\end{array}\]
Basis vectors
| Lattice coordinates | Cartesian coordinates | Wyckoff position | Atom type | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $\mathbf{B_{1}}$ | = | $0$ | = | $0$ | (2a) | Ti I |
| $\mathbf{B_{2}}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (2a) | Ti I |
| $\mathbf{B_{3}}$ | = | $\frac{1}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (2b) | Ba I |
| $\mathbf{B_{4}}$ | = | $\frac{3}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{3}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (2b) | Ba I |
| $\mathbf{B_{5}}$ | = | $\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+z_{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c z_{3} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ba II |
| $\mathbf{B_{6}}$ | = | $\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\left(z_{3} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c \left(z_{3} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ba II |
| $\mathbf{B_{7}}$ | = | $\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- z_{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c z_{3} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ba II |
| $\mathbf{B_{8}}$ | = | $\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- \left(z_{3} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c \left(z_{3} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ba II |
| $\mathbf{B_{9}}$ | = | $\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+z_{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c z_{4} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ti II |
| $\mathbf{B_{10}}$ | = | $\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\left(z_{4} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c \left(z_{4} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ti II |
| $\mathbf{B_{11}}$ | = | $\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- z_{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c z_{4} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ti II |
| $\mathbf{B_{12}}$ | = | $\frac{1}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+\frac{2}{3} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- \left(z_{4} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{1}{2}a \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{6}a \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c \left(z_{4} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (4f) | Ti II |
| $\mathbf{B_{13}}$ | = | $x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+2 x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\frac{1}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{3}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+\frac{1}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (6h) | O I |
| $\mathbf{B_{14}}$ | = | $- 2 x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\frac{1}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \frac{3}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+\frac{1}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (6h) | O I |
| $\mathbf{B_{15}}$ | = | $x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\frac{1}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \sqrt{3}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+\frac{1}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (6h) | O I |
| $\mathbf{B_{16}}$ | = | $- x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- 2 x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\frac{3}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \frac{3}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+\frac{3}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (6h) | O I |
| $\mathbf{B_{17}}$ | = | $2 x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\frac{3}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{3}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+\frac{3}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (6h) | O I |
| $\mathbf{B_{18}}$ | = | $- x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+x_{5} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\frac{3}{4} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\sqrt{3}a x_{5} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+\frac{3}{4}c \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (6h) | O I |
| $\mathbf{B_{19}}$ | = | $x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+z_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c z_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{20}}$ | = | $- 2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+z_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c z_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{21}}$ | = | $x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+z_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \sqrt{3}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c z_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{22}}$ | = | $- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- 2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\left(z_{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c \left(z_{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{23}}$ | = | $2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\left(z_{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c \left(z_{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{24}}$ | = | $- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}+\left(z_{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\sqrt{3}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}+c \left(z_{6} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{25}}$ | = | $2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- z_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c z_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{26}}$ | = | $- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- 2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- z_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}- \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c z_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{27}}$ | = | $- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- z_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\sqrt{3}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c z_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{28}}$ | = | $- 2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- \left(z_{6} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c \left(z_{6} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{29}}$ | = | $x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}+2 x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- \left(z_{6} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $\frac{3}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c \left(z_{6} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
| $\mathbf{B_{30}}$ | = | $x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{1}- x_{6} \, \mathbf{a}_{2}- \left(z_{6} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \, \mathbf{a}_{3}$ | = | $- \sqrt{3}a x_{6} \,\mathbf{\hat{y}}- c \left(z_{6} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \,\mathbf{\hat{z}}$ | (12k) | O II |
References
- G. Shirane, H. Danner, and R. Pepinsky, Neutron Diffraction Study of Orthorhombic BaTiO$_{3}$, Phys. Rev. 105, 856–860 (1957), doi:10.1103/PhysRev.105.856.
- J. G. Dickson, L. Katz, and R. Ward, Compounds with the Hexagonal Barium Titanate Structure, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83, 3026–3029 (1961), doi:10.1021/ja01475a012.
- A. W. Hewat, Structure of rhombohedral ferroelectric barium titanate, Ferroelectrics 6, 215–218 (1974), doi:10.1080/00150197408243970.
- J. Akimoto, Y. Gotoh, and Y. Oosawa, Refinement of Hexagonal BaTiO$_{3}$, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C 50, 160–161 (1994), doi:10.1107/S0108270193008637.
Prototype Generator
aflow --proto=AB3C_hP30_194_bf_hk_af --params=$a,c/a,z_{3},z_{4},x_{5},x_{6},z_{6}$